future

(similar to “will”)

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They’re going to do some work in their garden.

Main verb is in the simple form

S + (be) going to _______

negative: (be) + not + going to

am not / isn’t / aren’t going to

possibility

(similar to “can”)

A penguin is a bird that is also able to swim, but it’s unable to fly.

Main verb is in the simple form

S + (be) able to _________

negative: (be) + not + able to

or….(be) + unable

am not / isn’t / aren’t able to

necessity

(similar to “must”)

She has to clean the bathroom. She also has to do some other chores around the house.

Main verb is in the simple form

S + has or have to ________

Negative: don’t/doesn’t have to

Notice the negative requires the verb “do”